By Sr Dr. Zuraini Md Ali, Datin Dr Nor Hayati Hussain
As we celebrate the national pride and joy of August and September, it’s a time to reflect on the remarkable progress our nation has made—especially in the realm of architecture. Since gaining independence, Malaysia’s architectural landscape has flourished, thanks to the vision and dedication of local architects who have helped shape our national identity. One iconic structure that stands as a testament to this journey is Masjid Negara, the National Mosque.
This majestic building not only symbolizes our nation’s rich history but also serves as a living legacy for future generations. As researchers in architectural heritage conservation, we have spent countless hours studying this masterpiece, yet its sight continues to inspire a profound sense of pride each time it comes into view.
Whenever we think of Masjid Negara, two names always come to mind: Dato Ar. Ikmal Hisham Albakri and Dato’ Ar. Haji Baharuddin Abu Kassim. Their contributions to Malaysian architecture, particularly in the design of the National Mosque, have left an indelible mark on the nation. Their masterpieces, created in the early 1960s, continue to outshine many contemporary buildings, serving as enduring symbols of Malaysia’s architectural heritage.
Ar. Ikmal Hisham Albakri: A Trailblazer in Malaysian Architecture
Born on September 7, 1930, in Batu Gajah, Perak, Dato Ar. Ikmal Hisham Albakri grew up in an influential family. His father, Datuk Seri Dr. Haji Mustapha Albakri, was a civil servant who played a key role in Malaysia’s road to independence, accompanying Tunku Abdul Rahman to London for talks on the country’s future. This exposure to leadership and national service encouraged Hisham to pursue a career in architecture, a field where he would go on to leave a lasting legacy.
Ikmal Hisham’s education in architecture began at the prestigious Malay College Kuala Kangsar, where he developed a deep admiration for classical architecture. His passion led him to become the first Malaysian student to receive a government scholarship to study architecture abroad, earning his diploma from Sheffield University in 1956. After further studies in tropical architecture in London, he returned home just before independence in 1957 to help build the nation’s future.
In 1992, Ar. Ikmal Hisham became the first Malay architect to receive the prestigious PAM Gold Medal from the Malaysian Institute of Architects, cementing his place in the country’s architectural history. His leadership and vision also extended to the formation of Kumpulan Akitek Sdn Bhd., one of Malaysia’s leading architectural firms.
Dato’ Baharuddin Abu Kassim: Redefining Mosque Architecture
Born in Kampung Jeram, Selangor, on October 1, 1929, Dato’ Baharuddin Abu Kassim was also one of the first Malay students sent abroad by the government to study architecture. After earning his diploma from Manchester University in 1956 and a degree in town planning two years later, Baharuddin began to develop a vision for modern mosque architecture that would challenge traditional designs.
Inspired by modernist ideals and democratic principles, Baharuddin envisioned a mosque that would serve not only as a place of worship but as a center for community life. His design for the National Mosque departed from the more somber, monumental structures of the past, incorporating elements of traditional Malay architecture such as the stilted structure and wide verandahs. The mosque became a symbol of Malaysia’s aspirations for an independent, modern, and inclusive nation.
Architects of a Nation’s Identity
Both architects were widely celebrated for their contributions to Malaysian architecture. Ar. Ikmal Hisham was honored with the PAM Gold Medal in 1992, and Dato’ Baharuddin received the same prestigious award in 2008. Sadly, they have both passed—Hisham on 14 January 2006, and Dato’ Baharuddin more recently on 27 August 2024. Their legacies, however, extend far beyond the buildings they designed. Their work stands as a powerful reflection of Malaysia’s cultural and national identity, blending tradition with modernity in a way that speaks to both the country’s history and its future.
Masjid Negara, a hallmark of their vision, continues to inspire architects and visitors alike with its seamless integration of modern and traditional elements. As a symbol of Malaysia’s transition from colonial rule to independence, the mosque embodies the hopes and aspirations of a united nation. The enduring legacies of Ar. Ikmal Hisham and Dato’ Baharuddin remind us of the transformative power of architecture—not only to shape cities, but also to define the identity of a nation and its people.
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